Design Trends In Architecture Essay -- essays papers

Design Trends In Architecture The more things change, the more they stay the same. While art has always been an ever changing form, it has deep roots in traditionalism; whether an artist or designer looks at the art that came before him and is inspired to follow that form, is inspired to do something completely opposite, or sees the flaws which, if corrected, could make that work of art perfect, he is ultimately quite influenced by what came before him. Nowhere is this more evident than in the design styles found not only in art, but in architecture and interior design. The twentieth century has been a time of great innovation, and yet, very few eras have seen so many stylistic revivals. The popularity of these classical styles has often superceded that of the more experimental, modern ideas, reinforcing the idea that aesthetic beauty is absolutely timeless. The early 20th century saw a great deal of influence in terms of classical design. A classical revival had brought a return of emphasis on Palladian architectural motifs, which could be seen in large cities throughout the world, but especially in New York and Boston. In terms of interior design, Edith Wharton and Ogden Codman advocated a similar classical revival, which gave a sense of classical order to ornate interiors. (Severens, 85) Interior design at the turn of the century was very much concerned with aesthetics over simplicity, yet managed to maintain a sense of order and balance. Designers created interiors with a heavy reliance on French and Italian forms of furniture, floors, and panelling. This style, which was hugely successful, could be found in the work of interior designers over the next fifty years, and is the basis for much that is known as "traditional decorating" today. (Severens,88) One of the most successful revivals is the revival of the Gothic style, which is still quite apparent in architecture and interior design today. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, England began to realize the importance of the Middle Ages. "The Gothic past offered an acceptable, if inferior, option for study by educated gentlemen; and Gothic began to be an acceptable alternative for country houses" (Girouard, 180). This was the Gothic Architecture Revival. As Gothic architecture became more popular, the style came up against stiff competition from Chinese architecture. In the en... ...: London. 1991. Keller,Diane. The American Modernists. Simon and Schuster: New York, 1998. Kidson, Peter. The Medieval World. McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York. 1967. Lane, Mills. Architecture of the Old South. Abbeville Press: New York. 1993. Loth, Calder and Julius Trousdale Sadler, Jr. The Only Proper Style: Gothic Architecture in America. New York Graphic Society: New York. 1975. Mahoney, Kathleen. Gothic Style: Architecture and Interiors from the Eighteenth Century to the Present. Harry N. Abrams, Inc.: New York. 1995. McDonald, Jane Anne. The Legacy Of William Morris. Rizzoli: New York, 1986. Newcomb, Rexford. Old Kentucky Architecture: Colonial, Federal, Greek Revival, and Gothic. Bonanza Books: New York. Robertson, John A. A Survey Of American Architecture After 1950. McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, 1994. Rutman, Darrett B. The Morning of America, 1603-1789. Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston. 1970. Severens, Kenneth. Southern Architecture: 350 Years of Distinctive American Buildings. E.P. Dutton: New York. 1981. Wilson, Christopher. The Gothic Cathedral: The Architecture of the Great Church 1130-1530. Thames and Hudson: London. 1990.

Groups and Teams Paper

Groups and Teams Britny McCoubrey MGT/311 January 16, 2013 Marcia Smart, Ph. D. Groups and Teams Cooperation has been an essential tool for humanity throughout its history; people have used teamwork for hunting, gathering, farming, and protection as well as for community and social fulfillment. As industry and technology have reshaped and extended the dynamics and demographics of trade, traditional proprietorships have readily given way to partnerships, in turn gave way to corporations.Within these businesses, cooperation serves again as a driving force toward a common goal—often on a huge scale that operates on the work of smaller groups and teams. This paper will examine different kinds of working groups (supplemented where possible by examples from an organization for which the author has worked), and the importance of the fundamental differences between working groups and teams. It will also address the five stages of team-building, how conflict (a much-maligned term), act ually assists this process, and personal experiences of the author with this process.Different Groups Within an organization, different kinds of groups cooperate on different levels for different reasons. Robbins and Judge (2011) identify six types of groups: formal, informal, command, task, interest and friendship. Organizational structure determines formal groups, which work together to achieve organizational goals (p. 276). All of the associates working in a single Walmart store comprise a formal group. An informal group does not rely on the organization for structure, assembly or goals and gathers instead to satisfy social needs of the people comprising it (p. 76). The Walmart associates chatting at the break-room table constitute such a group—they may not be friends outside of work or even know each other, but they assemble to eat together and banter about their professional or personal exploits. Four subgroups exist within these groups: formal subgroups include command and task, while informal subgroups include interest and friendship (p. 276). Formally classified command groups report to one manager; at Walmart, a single Customer Service Manager supervises and assists up to 16 cashiers in a command group.In a task group, members don’t necessarily report to one manager, but rather transcend different managers, groups, and departments to accomplish a specific task within the organization. When a man ran out of Walmart with a stolen backpack full of other stolen sporting goods equipment, several managers from several departments chased him out the door and tackled him on the concrete in the parking lot. Those managers then had to cooperate with the Loss Prevention associate, the Sporting Goods bullpen associate, and even the police in order to handle the situation and move forward with prosecution.In many cases of crime or other special circumstances, associates of different areas have to come together to complete tasks that affect all of the m (and often the store). While all command groups are task groups in some way, task groups are more transcendental and therefore not always command groups (p. 277). Informal interest groups include people gathering for common interests, whether that common interest is quilting caps and blankets for the March of Dimes effort or lobbying for or against organizational or managerial actions or policies (p. 77). Friendship groups, on the other hand, gather for a sense of community; this often transcends the professional sphere and carries into the personal sphere, with people meeting outside of work and building personal relationships with coworkers. Groups vs. Teams While the terms ‘group’ and ‘team’ seem to be used interchangeably, fundamental divergences separate them. According to Robbins and Judge (2011), work groups take on the responsibilities of formal groups as defined earlier.They mainly work together to make decisions that help them fulfill their resp onsibilities and meet broad organizational goals, which thye do on an individual basis and without need or practical ability to utilize teamwork or collective effort. Work teams, on the other hand, functions on collaboration and synergy, powered by the efforts of several people working together to accomplish shared goals. While a group of cashiers will process transactions as fast as they can to control front-end congestion, the accounting team that handles the cash works together as a real team to andle their tasks, which include getting change for cashiers, taking in cash drops when tills close, and auditing those till drops. They work together in one little room, working out certain decisions and coordination on their own for their own specific goals. While groups work together individually, teams work together collectively, even though all work in the company of one another. Teams are often more valuable than mere groups because management can harness that synergy and collectivi ty, and use it to increase performance. The Five Stages of Team-BuildingRobbins and Judge (2011) identify the five stages of team-building as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning (p. 279). Forming sees the team take shape amid structural, leadership, and purpose-oriented ambiguity. Much like a pack of creatures establishing dominance, the team members will push limits and test boundaries until they find what works and begin feeling like a team. This can happen when an associate is newly hired and must establish his place among his peers. Specifically, when Walmart remodeled Garden Center, people from different departments and ranks were pulled together to work on it.This was an awkward time at first, because no one really knew who of the many evenly-ranked employees was ‘in charge’. Storming actually needs conflict to iron out these details and determine who will lead the team, and to allow team members to come to terms with team-related constraints. T he associates argued for a few days on whose breaks and lunches took priority, as the remodel occurred on a single shift each day and lunches were difficult to coordinate without some having to wait longer than others to go.Finally, two leaders took charge and managed the schedules moreeffectively. More about team conflict management will arise later. Norming sees the team cohering and ‘settling’ into their roles and codes of conduct. Certain Walmart associates involved with the remodel had different skills and backgrounds, so as Goodwill (2011) suggests, leaders assigned associates to different duties, and once these and systems of evaluating success were established, teamwork became easier and tasks more defined.Performing is like fourth gear for the team; it is rolling and fully functional, firing on all cylinders and turning out real achievement. In the remodel, Walmart associates dug in and did what they knew they had to. This is the final stage in permanent groups , but in temporary groups assigned for a specific task within a timeframe, adjourning sees the team tie up loose ends, add finishing touches, and finally disband. The remodel team was likewise disbanded after shelves were replaced and reassembled so that actual Garden Associates could arrange and stock them.Those associates went back to their normal duties. Regarding these stages, Weinclaw (2010) makes an excellent point when she advises that these stages are not necessarily linear, and can repeat or occur at different stages or even in cycles. Just because a team has moved past one conflict, for example, or established leadership, this does not mean new conflict or leadership will not arise, and the team may have to go back through certain stages if this occurs.Conflict Management in Teams As mentioned previously, conflict actually helps to shape teams. However, this does not mean that all conflict at any level is conducive to efficient performance by a team. According to Robbins a nd Judge (2011), a certain amount of conflict can allow teams to strengthen rapport, engage creativity and remain dynamic, whereas the total absence of conflict can stagnate a team and render it static, which can cost the team drive.Conflict management sounds like a strategy for removing conflict, but Robbins and Judge (2011) define this phrase as using both resolution and stimulation techniques to achieve as optimal level of conflict, which implies that conflict may need to be stimulated occasionally as well as resolved. Sykes (2010) addresses ways that conflict can arise, including cultural differences (as a result of globalization, for example) and clashing communication styles.She emphasizes the importance of identifying the cause and creating a solution. In her opinion, a major element in managing conflict is to prevent it as much as possible (although she asserts that conflict management is not about absolute elimination, which would be impossible). Of course, a major aid in m anaging conflict on individual and group levels is to incorporate conflict management training into the workplace, so that employees are prepared to respond appropriately and effectively to conflict should it arise.At Walmart associates are trained, for example, on how to use the chain of command to report conflicts, and how to use the open door policy to get around additional or command chain-related conflict as well. Understanding conflict as a potentially positive influence on a team and knowing beforehand how to respond effectively to it so that it can have that positive influence can decrease drain on teamwork from conflicts not only by preventing them when possible, but by reducing the time and stress that they siphon from real tasks. ConclusionTeamwork, according to Goodwill (2011) remains a major theme in modern business, and understanding the complex processes of developing teams and managing conflict to keep a team dynamic and performing satisfactorily allows for an apprec iation of all that really goes into keeping those teams running smoothly. In a business world that increasingly thrives on teamwork and the output of its synergy, would-be employees and leaders alike need to embrace this form of collaboration. Teamwork has, after all, gotten humanity this far—surely it will carry it much further as time goes on.References: Goodwill, M. (2011, February 10). How to succeed at team-building. People Management, 30. Robbins, S. P. , & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ:Pearson/Prentice Hall. Sikes, B. , Gulbro, R. , & Shoesy, L. (2010). Conflict in work teams: Problems and solutions. Allied Academies International Conference: Proceedings of the Academy of Organizational Culture, Communications & Conflict (AOCCC), 15(1), 15-19. Wienclaw, R. A. (2010). Teams & team building. Teams & Team Building – Research Starters Business, 1-6.CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I  certify that  the attached  pape r is my original work. I am familiar with, and acknowledge my responsibilities which are part of, the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else. I have identified the sources of all information whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, all images, and all quotations with citations and reference listings.Along with citations and reference listings, I have used quotation marks to identify quotations of fewer than 40 words and have used block indentation for quotations of 40 or more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed  on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's  signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Britny McCoubrey

The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde - 1344 Words

Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886) is a scientific horror story that uses science as a solution to the protagonist’s utopian project of isolating the good from the evil. Dr. Henry Jekyll visualizes the potential for a better, near perfect world. The Victorian period in which he lives is one dictated by the ideals of progress, however, reality presents him with a world nowhere near what a utopian society would be like. In the novel, the protagonist goes through a battle between his two opposing identities of good and evil. The internal struggle between these two personalities serve as the ultimate determination on whether or not a utopia can ever be reached. Born in 1818, Jekyll grows up in a wealthy family during a period where men were known to flaunt their riches and morals were not valued. From his experiences as well as â€Å"both sides of my intelligence, the moral and the intellectual, he realizes that â€Å"man is not truly one, but truly two† (78-79). It is from explaining his origins and these experiences that he is able to justify his reasoning that a person has two: a good and an evil side. He believes he possesses both good and bad characteristics, but his morals always keep him from wrongdoing and it is this thought that makes him question whether or not the good and evil could be separated from a person. â€Å"If each,† Jekyll confesses in his full statement of the case, â€Å"could but be housed in separate identities, life would beShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesStevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a novella that follows the basic outline established by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein. However, Stevenson’s monster is not created from body parts but comes from the dark side of the human personality. In both novels, a man conducts a secret experiment that gets out of control. The result of these experiments is the release of a double, or doppelgan ger, which causes damage to their creator. While most people think that The Strange Case of Dr. JekyllRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1440 Words   |  6 Pagescomplexity of human nature in his books, especially in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Kidnapped. The former is about a lawyer named Mr. Utterson seeking out the truth of Dr. Jekyll’s very strange will. He finds out that Jekyll was transforming himself into Mr. Hyde so that he could have the freedom to do whatever he wanted no matter how evil. By the time Utterson finds all this out and findsJekyll, he is too late and Jekyll has already killed himself. The latter is about David BalfourRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1196 Words   |  5 Pageswhich do let control you? The good or evil? This was a question that Dr. Jekyll from the book, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, could not answer. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a book about a man who cannot control the two sides of himself, causing him to do terrible things and not even be aware of it. The theme of this book is good versus evil. Dr. Jekyll is fighting his evil side, known as Mr. Hyde, throughout the book. Some people believe that the book’s theme hasRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde938 Words   |  4 PagesVictorian Hopes and Fears Involving Science as Found in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde During the Victorian Era there was a great race to use science to alleviate the suffering of the ill, specifically for those patients who were suffering from ailments of the mind. While some of the methods used to diagnose and treat such afflictions would be considered barbaric in nature by today’s standards, they were considered cutting edge medical science during the time of the Victorian Era. It was also consideredRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde964 Words   |  4 PagesThe Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson was published in 1886. The story is published during the Victorian era, the Victorian era was an age of repression, there was no violence, no sexual appetite, and there was no great expression or emotion. In the story, Dr. Jekyll creates a potion that turns him into Mr. Hyde, Mr. Hyde is the complete opposite of what people are in the Victorian era. At first, Dr. Jekyll is in control of Mr. Hyde, but towards t he end MrRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1505 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the latter portion of the nineteenth century, Robert Louis Stevenson published his novella, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The fin de sià ¨cle saw the rise of different thoughts and ideas surrounding science and society. These concepts and interpretations sparked the discourse surrounding the theory of degeneration; which was the concern that civilization would fall to a lower state of being. This chapter will be reading multiplex personality as a manifestation of this broader culturalRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1739 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson, the novel â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley, the short story â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† by W.W Jacobs and the short story â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. These four texts convey this theme through the use of gothic conventions such as death, madness and darkness. In the novels The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll are wronglyRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1351 Words   |  6 PagesThe Personas of Henry Jekyll Every person is born with bright and dark personas that people moderate due to the standards of society. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Jekyll and Hyde battle for the power to stay alive in the story. As Jekyll continues to try and take over his evil persona, Hyde tries to stay alive and cause evil in the world. In our society, many people will struggle with self control and Dr. Jekyll has trouble controlling his alter ego by performing his evil pleasuresRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1326 Words   |  6 Pages The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was published during the late Victorian era, but he clearly brings into question the acceptance of Victorian philosophies, especially the belief that one truth exists and that we can identify good and evil as separate entities. The names Jekyll and Hyde have become synonymous with multiple personality disorder. This novel can be examined from the natural dualism and Freud’s structural th eory of the mind. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr

Should Employers Regulate Dating Between Employers

Emmanuelle Moreno Should Employers Regulate Dating Between Employers? Should Employers Regulate Dating Between Employers? In an average person’s life there is hardly any time for a personal life, so it’s only natural that many people are now meeting their spouses on the job. Ray E. Gallo (2006) says that not only are employees having office flings, but they are also getting married to their co-workers. Getting involved romantically or physically with supervisors is more common today than ever before. Office romance has become so common in the work place that it has become a problem with day to day office activities, which becomes a problem for Human Resource and along other management. Human Resource managers must deal with†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"In November 2005, an online poll by the Society for Human Resource Management and CareerJournal.com found that 72 percent of organizations had no written or verbal policies that addressed work place romance.† When drafting a love contract, Robert K. Smithson (2011) suggested that Human Resources should not take it into their hands to write their own policies, but leave it to the professionals. He feels that an employment attorney would better assist companies by doing the background research on sexual harassment issues and matters of privacy, for them. Having a well-drafted contract would not only decrease the risk of sexual harassment claims and litigation, but most importantly the liability for the organization itself. Yet even having the most well crafted love contract will not guarantee that it will be used. Saul Karen (2007) talks about a recent case where in November 2005, Mark W. Everson was for ced to resign as president and CEO of the American Red Cross because of his relationship with a female subordinate. Everson was married at the time. It is unlikely he would have signed a love contract. Another reason love contracts don’t have much weight is because research has indicated that subordinates are sometimes forced or pressured to sign a love contract just so they can guarantee advancement within the company. Rather than signing because they really care for the person, they may be placed

Dance Ballet and Hip Hop - 2401 Words

Dance is a way people can interact with body. If it’s just to get in shape or just for the love of it. For instance dancing helps with those who are troubled or are in stress. By dancing people will start to do it. Cause dance is a wonderful hobby enjoyed by many people throughout the world. Besides being lots of fun, dancing is good for you, both physically and mentally. Anyone can learn how to dance... it s all a matter of learning how to move your body. The variety of forms of dance is overwhelming. The cultures and people dancing are very amazing. They’re some dances that people do that are just born to do them. This would be the famous dancers all over the world. It forms connections through one of the many types of dances that all†¦show more content†¦Hip hop dance steps require skill and experience to perfect. Hip hop dancers practice a lot in order to master basic steps and movements that appear simple when performed. Dancers with a good sense of rhythm find it easier to learn hip hop steps. Breakdancing is a form of hip hop that many people enjoy watching, with its cool moves and quick spins. Breakdancing moves take a lot of time and practice to master, particularly the ones performed near the ground, called down rock moves. Up rock moves, which are performed standing up, give break-dancers a chance to incorporate their own styles. Hip hop classes are popping up in dance studios around the country. Teens are particularly interested in learning how to dance like dancers they see on MTV and music videos. Dance teachers have capitalized on this interest and have started incorporating hip hop and breakdancing classes into their curriculums. Many people with roots in hip hop culture feel that hip hop dancing should not be formally taught. They feel that teaching specific moves takes away from the originality factor that hip hop possesses. (Hip hop). 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Quality and Safety in Radiation Oncology †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Quality and Safety in Radiation Oncology. Answer: Introduction: This is used in accrual accounting which is used to measure the costs and the income earned as recording in cash flows (Andon, Baxter Chua, 2015). This is the current value measurement. In the absence the direct evidence is given and it argues on various characteristics. There are changes in the system and therefore there is movement of measurement in the historical cost to the new basis which is the fair value. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has the initial and subsequent measurement. The new IRFS will change the procedures and it will include the operating lease. Secondly the lease if not capitalized will be shown in the balance sheet and that will be recognized as the right to use such asset and then there arise the liability for the obligation (Burkins, 2014). The standard of IASB is responsible for International Financial Reporting Standards. IFRS which is incorporated and it is consistent with the practical solutions which deals with the financial reporting which have emerged over the years and it is built on accumulated business practices of centuries (Cummins Worley, 2014). The IFRS is not a completely new and uniform approach to financial reporting, but it is the result or outcome of a. There are uncertain future outcomes and it is helpful to provide a clean and fair picture of the current position as well as the performance to date. The current position shows that, among other things: The assets that are to be measured under IASB ; The various assets measured in different bases (Duke, 2017). The various liabilities which are to be valued or can be measured at different bases (Habidin et al, 2016). The impact it has on the chosen stakeholder The new lease standards which have a huge impact on stakeholders of the company that is Sigma Healthcare Limited .The new standard enables in higher level of interest rate (Oliver,2014).This will impact the industries and Sigma. The retailers will have their shops in the mall and thus it will include the renewal options of the company. Then it will have an impact on the mining services and therefore it will help in the expensive equipment held in the operating leases. In the industry it will be required to capitalize the amount in the balance sheet and for the industry. For the pharmacy industry the amount is also to be capitalized in the balance sheet for the aircrafts (Halloran, 2014). Exception to the new lease system which affects the stakeholders: The short term leases where the period is twelve months. The low valued or less price laptops or tickets and computers have the effect. If the company Sigma healthcare has lease payments and their assets are recognized and which is on a straight line basis for a period over the lease term and it helps in the lessees benefits. (Patrcio, 2014). The ways that AASB 16 will benefit and the disadvantage that stakeholder have The Australian Accounting Standard16 on lease which was released on (Seve, 2016). The new standard in Sigma healthcare is a standard which was effective for the finance and the operating lease. It is seen that the AASB 16 have the disclosure of the statements and the increase in the EBITDA margin (Scholten et al, 2017). Leases for Sigma healthcare limited have a consolidated entity and their risks and also the benefit of the ownership is called the finance lease (Williams Bastian, 2016). The liability which is raised corresponding is represented as the future obligation for the rental out of the net of finance charges (Mirza Nandakumar, 2013). Operating leases are the leases which cannot be capitalized. Operating lease are the payments which are to be charged to profit or loss account and it is incurred on a straight line basis. (Jung, Park Chung, 2016). AASB 16 which would have result in reporting The lease documents that are prepared for the Sigma Healthcare Limited will be effecting in the following ways. It has to convey the right to control and use the lease It is recognized as a identified asset ((Nobes, 2014) The new standard conveys that the lessee is for long time. The assets that are also known as identified assets are taken on lease basis and this lease contract will be affecting the identified assets. The lease which will convey to both the lesser and the lessee the right to use the assets (Kraft, 2014). Once the right of lease is transferred then the right will also be conveyed for a particular period of time. It is known that the lease and it will also substantially have a huge economic benefits of that particular identified asset, and The lease standard can be used directly and it is also used for the particular identified asset (Smieliauskas, Craig Amernic, 2017). The new information will be required which will help in determination of the calculation which will be required for the calculation of the leased asset. The new accounting model of the company will help in the changes in financial metrics and key performance indicator and therefore introduce the volatility of the balance sheet and the profits or loss due to the measurement. Statement showing Calculation of Provision Particulars Amount Current Liability Estimated cost of repairs products with minor defects $ 2,000,000.00 Expected % of products sold during FY14 having MINOR defects in FY15 15% Estimated Warranty for Provision on Minor Defects (A) $ 300,000.00 Estimated cost of repairs products with major defects $ 12,000,000.00 Expected % of products sold during FY14 having MAJOR defects in FY15 5% Estimated Warranty for Provision on Major Defects $ 600,000.00 Estimated % of defects to be settled in 2015 40% Estimated amount of Defects settlement in 2015 (B) $ 240,000.00 Provision for warranty under current liability (A+B) $ 540,000.00 Provision for warranty under Noncurrent Liability $ 360,000.00 Discounting Factor 0.88999644 Provision for warranty under Noncurrent Liability $ 320,398.72 Table 1: Calculation of Provision (Source: Created by Author) Statement showing Calculation of Provision Particulars Amount Current Liability Estimated cost of repairs products with minor defects $ 2,000,000.00 Expected % of products sold during FY15 having MINOR defects in FY16 12% Estimated Warranty for Provision on Minor Defects (A) $ 240,000.00 Estimated cost of repairs products with major defects $ 10,000,000.00 Expected % of products sold during FY15 having MAJOR defects in FY16 3% Estimated Warranty for Provision on Major Defects $ 300,000.00 Estimated % of defects to be settled in 2016 20% Estimated amount of Defects settlement in 2015 (B) $ 60,000.00 Provision for warranty under current liability (A+B) $ 300,000.00 Provision for warranty under Noncurrent Liability $ 240,000.00 Discounting Factor 0.88999644 Provision for warranty under Noncurrent Liability $ 213,599.15 Table 2: Calculation of Provision (Source: created by Author) Statement Showing closing balance of provision as on 30/06/2016 Particulars Current Liability Non-Current Liability Opening provision $ 540,000.00 $ 320,398.72 Add: Provision during the current year $ 300,000.00 $ 213,599.15 Less: Warranty Provision paid $ (300,000.00) $ (100,000.00) Closing Balance of provision $ 540,000.00 $ 433,997.86 Table 3: Closing balance of provision (Source: Created by Author) Statement Showing Calculation of Depreciation Particulars Amount Carrying amount of Machine to be replaced on 30/06/2014 $ 280,000.00 revised estimated life of the asset 2 Revised Depreciation Amount (A) $ 140,000.00 carrying Amount of Machine with normal useful life $ 280,000.00 Estimated useful life 10 Depreciation per year (B) $ 28,000.00 Depreciation Amount for 2015 and 2016 (A+B) $ 168,000.00 Table 4: revised depreciation amount (Source: created by Author) References Andon, P., Baxter, J. Chua, W.F., 2015. Accounting for stakeholders and making accounting useful.Journal of Management Studies,52(7), pp.986-1002. Burkins, A.G., 2014.The Possible Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards for Local Government Entities(Doctoral dissertation, Walden University). Cummings, T.G. Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Duke, C.R., 2017. How Healthcare Accounting Adapts to Lean Practices. Habidin, N.F., Shazali, N.A., Ali, N., Khaidir, N.A. Jusoh, O., 2016. The impact of lean healthcare practice on healthcare performance: the mediating role of supply chain innovation in Malaysian healthcare industry.International Journal of Critical Accounting,8(1), pp.79-93. Halloran, J.L.H., 2014. Accounting technologies and new public management: a field study in a NSW public school. Jung, W. O., Park, S. O., Chung, H. (2016). Debt financing and voluntary adoption of the international financial reporting standards: Evidence from Korean unlisted firms.Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,52(1), 39-51. Kraft, P. (2014). Rating agency adjustments to GAAP financial statements and their effect on ratings and credit spreads.The Accounting Review,90(2), 641-674. Mirza, A., Nandakumar, A. (2013). Wiley international trends in financial reporting under IFRS including comparisons with US GAAP, Chinese GAAP, and India accounting standards. Nobes, C. (2014).International Classification of Financial Reporting 3e. Routledge. Oliver, K. (2014). Balance Sheet Presentation under IAS 1 and US GAAP. Patrcio, M.S.F., 2014.Donations of non-financial resources: The motivation and consequences of measuring and accounting for it(Doctoral dissertation). Scholten, R., Lambooy, T., Renes, R. Bartels, W., 2017. Accounting for Future Generations. Does the IFRS Framework Sufficiently Encourage Energy Companies to Reflect on Climate Change in the Valuation of Their Production Assets, Taking into Account the New Initiative of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures? An Exploratory Qualitative Comparative Case Study Approach. Seve, F., 2016. An examination of the impact of the changes to regulations affecting the scope for income classification shifting in Australia. Smieliauskas, W., Craig, R., Amernic, J. (2017). GAAP as Ineffective Legal Defense of Financial Reporting: Implications for Truthfulness, Auditability, and the IASB's Proposed 2015 Conceptual Framework. Williams, T.R. Bastian, A., 2016. Introduction to Concepts in Quality, Value, and Safety for Health Care.Quality and Safety in Radiation Oncology: Implementing Tools and Best Practices for Patients, Providers, and Payers.

Legal Communication Verbal and Nonverbal

Question: Discuss about the Legal Communication for Verbal and Nonverbal. Answer: Introduction: Considering the facts of the given case, Bob Broke entered into a contract with several parties through electronic mails and verbal communication with several parties for considering several deals. Hence, the issues in the present situation involve whether the contract was legally valid from Bobs end. The issue further involves whether the contract incorporated validity of consent in the contract entered between Bob and different parties. In addition, the present case involves an issue to determine Bobs contractual liability for terminating the contract with Mary. As per the legal regulations on contract law, a lawful contract is associated with the rights, duties as well as obligations of parties, which should be distinguished from the regulations of law of torts. As per the Australian Corporations Law, a valid contract must have the elements of agreement, intention to legally bind the parties and consideration. As per the Australian Contract Law, it can be said that there are certain situations where contract remains invalid even though the essential elements are present and agreed between the parties (Cheung, et al., 2014, pp. 147-168). The law states that the contract remains void if it has no legal effect while the contract is voidable if the contract can be annulled by a contracting party. In case of voidable contract, the remedial effect involves returning back the amount or the contracted performance received by the parties. However, the right to obtain the contracted rescission is not available if the same is not exercised in reasonab le time or if the contractual performance changes the original position (Bayern, 2015, p 103). Further, the validity of a contract is established if the parties have certain ability to legally bind the contract whereas if any party lacks the legal ability then the contract would be held voidable. Australian contract Law provides that a contractual party is not entitled to rescind the contract if the action or performance of the party indicates the sustainability of the contract. Considering the case of Immer Pty Ltd v Uniting church in Australia Property Trust (1993) 182 CLR 26, the appellant party that is Immer entered the contract to buy land based on the grant of approval by specific date. The approval was not granted by the contracted date while the agreement was terminated and the respondent in the case contended the presence of affirmation in the contract. Besides, the court held that the affirmation in the contract cannot be obtained if the aggrieved party is not aware of the factual circumstances. However, validity of a contract also depends on the form of agreement or contract by way it has been entered between the parties. The regulations of common law states that the form of a legal contract may be in writing, verbal or any action, which is deemed sufficient to reach the agreement (Andrews Cooper, 2016, p 25). The legislation further states that certain deals or contractual performances are legally valid only if the agreement has been entered as per the specific mode of communication. For instance, the sale of land contract must be in writing and in the form of formal contracts using a contractual deed to give effect as legally binding. Contracts related to insurance or copyrights must be formed in writing using a contractual deed (Olatawura, 2014, pp. 49-75). In the case of Regent v Millett (1976) 133 CLR 679, the issue raised on part performance by constituting the possession, repairs and renovations and contractual party Regents denied to transfer the property. The cour t held that the possession of property with the expending money would be constituted as part performance hence the form of contract would be considered as valid as the possession entry held sufficient for part performance. Validity of a contract must contain the genuine consent of the parties hence, if the formation of contract established due to the contracting partys mistake, then the right to rescind the contract is available to the innocent party. In case of Taylor v Johnson (1983) 151 CLR 422, court held that the contract was formed which contained the factor of unilateral mistake of the party hence, the contract was held invalid and the appeal was dismissed. Apparently, a contract formed by mistake of the party and does not have genuine consent, the contract cannot be considered as a valid contract. Applying the test of essential elements of a legal contract in the given situation, contract entered between Bob and Mike on 1 January for sale of laptops is considered as a legal contract since it involves offer, acceptance and consideration. However, the element of intention of binding a contract might not present from the end of Mike and he refused to pay the consideration during the time of contract performance. In case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893), the court held that Carlill was eligible to the contractual reward as the contract contained valid offer and there was no notification provided by the party to dispense the contract. Accordingly, in case of contract between Bob and Mike, Mike did not provide any notification to cancel the contract until the date of delivery of products. As per the contract law legislation, a party loses to rescind the contract if the rescission is not exercised in a reasonable time. Hence, in case of contract between Bob and Tom that was entered on 10 January and accepted on 12 January, Bob rescinded the contract on 14 January while the products were already dispatched. Hence, the Bob held liable for not rescinding the contract within reasonable time. Besides, contract between Steve and Bob entered in verbal form which was rescinded by Bob due to financial issues. Applying the test of affirmation, Bob is entitled to contractual liability and obligated to compensate Steve for breach of contract as the contract was valid and Bob did not perform rescission within reasonable time. Further, contract for delivery van entered with Mary can be considered as consent given under common mistake hence the contract remains void as per the Australian contract law. It has been observed that Bob signed the contract considering it to be another cont ract which he was willing to accept, therefore, acceptance of Marys contract held as consent given by mistake accordingly, the contract was not a legally valid contract. Conclusion In the present circumstances, Bob has the contractual liability against Tom and Steve since, the contract between the parties was valid and rescission was not performed by Bob within reasonable time. In case of contract with Bob on 1 January, Bob is entitled to receive compensation while the contract with Mary held as invalid due to consent under common mistake. Reference List and Bibliography Andrews, M., Cooper, A. (2016). Property: The land sales act: Beware of instalment contracts.LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal, (25), 86. Bagchi, A. (2016). Financial Crisis and the Remedy of Rescission in the United States. InThe Effects of Financial Crises on the Binding Force of Contracts-Renegotiation, Rescission or Revision(pp. 307-312). Springer International Publishing. Bayern, S. (2015). Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law: A Needles Concept.Cal. L. Rev.,103, 67. Cheung, S. O., Wong, W. K., Yiu, T. W., Pang, H. Y. (2014). Developing a trust inventory for construction contracting. InConstruction Dispute Research(pp. 147-168). Springer International Publishing. Connolly, N. (2014). A Common Law Perspective on the Concurrence of Claims in Contract and Unjust Enrichment.European Review of Private Law,22(6), 1005-1028. Kosonogova, O. (2016). Legal Communication: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in the Practice of Law.US-China L. Rev.,13, 705. Mohamed, S., Akram, M., Mohamed, A., Ali, A. (2014). A critical appraisal of the parol evidence rule in contract law. InProceedings of SOCIOINT14: International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities(pp. 865-872). International Organisation Centre of Academic Research. Olatawura, O. O. (2014). Appreciating and reforming the remedy of equitable rescission for genuine mistake in contract law.Commonwealth Law Bulletin,40(1), 49-75.